PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Cruz T.F., Kanashiro T.M., Castro A.M.M.G., Baldin C.M., Richtzenhain L.J. & Araujo Jr J.P. 2016. A double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) propagated in cell culture for antibody detection. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1171-1177. Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: jpessoa@ibb.unesp.br, tfcruz@yahoo.com.br Few studies have described enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) based on antigens produced in cell culture. Furthermore, few articles have described viral purification techniques for members of the family Circoviridae. This occurs because circoviruses are difficult to isolate, noncytopathogenic, and produce low viral titres in cell culture. Thus, for overcoming these difficulties in the cultivation of PCV2, this study aimed to develop a double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on the cell culture antigen PCV2b for the quantification of anti-PCV2 antibodies. A 20% and 50% discontinuous sucrose cushion was used for viral purification, which enabled the separation of cell culture proteins in the 20% sucrose cushion and a greater viral concentration in the 50% sucrose cushion. Following isopycnic centrifugation, PCV2 was concentrated in the band with density values from 1.330 to 1.395g/cm3. Viral purification was assessed using SDS-PAGE, indirect ELISA and electron microscopy. The standardised ELISA revealed a strong linear correlation (r= 0.826, p<0.001) when compared with a commercial ELISA kit. The assay exhibited low variability (inter-assay coefficient of variation of 4.24% and intra-assay of 1.80%) and excellent analytical specificity conferred by the capture antibody produced in rabbit. Thus, this ELISA is a rapid, specific and convenient method for the detection of antibodies against PCV2 in studies of experimental and natural infection, and in monitoring the response to vaccination on commercial farms.

• Immunosorbent assay centrifugation porcine circovirus type 2 antibody

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Cruz T.F., Kanashiro T.M., Castro A.M.M.G., Baldin C.M., Richtzenhain L.J. & Araujo Jr J.P. 2016. A double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) propagated in cell culture for antibody detection. [Sandwich ELISA com duplo anticorpo baseado no circovirus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) produzido em cultivo celular para detecção de anticorpos.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(12):1171-1177. Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: jpessoa@ibb.unesp.br, tfcruz@yahoo.com.br Há poucos relatos na literatura de métodos de ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), para a detecção de anticorpos contra o circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2), baseados em antígenos produzidos em cultivo celular, bem como uma escassez de trabalhos descrevendo técnicas de purificação viral para os membros da família Circoviridae. Isso ocorre, pois os circovírus são de difícil isolamento, não causam efeito citopático e produzem um baixo título viral em cultivo celular. Assim, para superar essas dificuldades encontradas no cultivo do PCV2, este estudo objetivou desenvolver um sandwich ELISA com duplo anticorpo, baseado no antígeno de PCV2 produzido em cultivo celular, para a quantificação de anticorpos anti-PCV2. Um colchão de sacarose descontínuo a 20% e 50% foi utilizado para a purificação viral, o qual possibilitou a separação das proteínas oriundas do cultivo celular no colchão de sacarose a 20% e uma maior concentração viral no colchão de sacarose a 50%. Com a ultracentrifugação isopícnica, o PCV2 ficou mais concentrado na banda com valores de densidade de 1,330 a 1,395g/cm3. A purificação viral foi avaliada pelas técnicas de SDS-PAGE, ELISA indireto e microscopia eletrônica. Assim, o método de ELISA padronizado revelou uma forte correlação linear (r = 0,826, p <0,001) quando comparado com um kit de ELISA comercial. O ensaio demonstrou baixa variabilidade (coeficientes de variação inter-teste de 4,24% e intra-teste de 1,80%) e uma excelente especificidade analítica conferida pelo anticorpo de captura produzido em coelho. Portanto, o método de ELISA demonstrou ser rápido, específico e conveniente para a detecção de anticorpos contra o PCV2 em estudos de infecção natural e experimental, além da monitoria da resposta à vacinação contra o PCV2 em granjas comerciais.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira Filho J.X., De Paula D.A.J., Morés N., Pescador C.A., Ciacci-Zanella J.R., Coldebella A., Dutra V. & Nakazato L. 2012. Interstitial nephritis of slaughtered pigs inthe State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(4):303-318. Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil. E-mail: lucnak@ufmt.br This study evaluated histological lesions in kidney samples from pigs with nephritis in two slaughterhouses in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Four hundred samples were subjected to histology, anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) immunohistochemistry (IHC), anti-Leptospira sp. immunofluorescence (IF), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for PCV2, porcine parvovirus (PPV), and Torque teno virus type 1 and 2 (TTV1, TTV2) detection. Histological lesions were found in 81% of the samples, and mononuclear interstitial nephritis was the most frequent lesion (77.50%). A follicular pattern was observed in 40.97% of the interstitial nephritis lesions. PCV2, PPV, TTV1, and TTV2 were identified in the kidneys by PCR in 27.25%, 28.50%, 94%, and 87.5% of the samples, respectively. Leptospira sp. was not detected through IF. Infection by PCV2 (PCR) and the presence of histological lesions (P=0.008) and giant cells (P=0.0016) were significantly associated. An association was observed between the TTV2-TTV1 co-infection (P<0.0001) and the risk for pathogenesis. These findings indicated that PCV2, PPV, TTV1, and TTV2 were widely distributed among pigs in the local farms and that the presence of these agents should be considered in the differential diagnosis of kidneys with interstitial nephritis in pigs.

• Nephritis porcine circovirus type 2 nefrite intersticial circovirus suíno tipo 2

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Oliveira Filho J.X., De Paula D.A.J., Morés N., Pescador C.A., Ciacci-Zanella J.R., Coldebella A., Dutra V. & Nakazato L. 2012. Interstitial nephritis of slaughtered pigs inthe State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(4):303-318. Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil. E-mail: lucnak@ufmt.br O propósito desse estudo foi avaliar as lesões histológicas observadas em rins condenados por nefrite pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal, em dois frigoríficos de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram coletados 400 rins condenados por nefrite e submetidos aos exames de histologia, imuno-histoquímica (IHC) para Circovirus suíno Tipo 2 (PCV2), imunofluorescência direta (IF) para Leptospira sp. e reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para detecção de PCV2, Parvovirus suíno (PPV) e Torque teno vírus Tipo 1 e 2 (TTV1 e TTV2). Foram observadas lesões histológicas em 81% das amostras, sendo nefrite intersticial mononuclear a mais freqüente (77,50%). Das lesões de nefrite intersticial encontradas, 40,97% apresentaram padrão folicular. Através da PCR foi observada ampla distribuição dos agentes (PCV2, PPV, TTV1 e TTV2) nas propriedades e municípios, com ocorrência de 27,25%, 28,50%, 94% e 87,50%, respectivamente. Leptospira sp. não foi detectada através da IF. Houve associação significativa da infecção do PCV2 com presença de lesão histológica (P=0,008) e de células gigantes (P=0,0016). Também houve associação entre a co-infecção TTV2 e TTV1 (P<0,0001). Esses achados indicam que os vírus PCV2, PPV, TTV1 e TTV2 devem ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial de rins com nefrite intersticial em suínos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Watanabe T.T.N., Zlotowski P., Oliveira L.G.S., Rolim V.R., Juffo G.D., Gomes M.J.P., Snel G. & Driemeier D. 2011. Rectal stenosis in pigs associated with Salmonella Typhimurium and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(6):511-515. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Rectal stricture is an acquired annular fibrous constriction of the rectum that results from a variety of chronic necrotizing enteric diseases. In pigs, it is in most cases a sequel of Salmonella infection. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a known pathogen causing immunosuppression in pigs worldwide. PCV2 infected pigs may be predisposed to salmonellosis. In this report, rectal stenosis was observed in 160 pigs from a herd that experienced an outbreak of enteric salmonellosis over a 4-month period. Distension of the abdominal wall and diarrhea were the main clinical signs observed. Five animals were analyzed showing annular cicatrization of the rectal wall 5.0-7.0 cm anterior to the anorectal junction and Salmonella-positive immunostaining in the large intestine. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from fragments of the large intestine. Porcine circovirus type 2 antigen was observed in the mesenteric lymph-node in 4 pigs and in the large intestine in 3 pigs.

• Rectal stenosis Salmonella estenose retal

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Watanabe T.T.N., Zlotowski P., Oliveira L.G.S., Rolim V.R., Juffo G.D., Gomes M.J.P., Snel G. & Driemeier D. 2011. Rectal stenosis in pigs associated with Salmonella Typhimurium and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. [Estenose retal em suínos associada à enterite causada por Salmonella Typhimurium em animais infectados pelo circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2).] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(6):511-515. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Estenose retal é uma constrição anular fibrosa do reto que pode ser decorrente de qualquer doença entérica crônica necrotizante. Em suínos, é em muitos casos uma seqüela de infecção por Salmonella. Circovírus suíno tipo 2 é um patógeno bem conhecido que causa imunodepressão em suínos e apresenta distribuição mundial. No presente trabalho, estenose retal foi observada em 160 suínos em um rebanho que teve um surto de salmonelose entérica durante 4 meses. Distensão da parede abdominal e diarreia foram os principais sinais clínicos observados. Foram analisados cinco suínos que demonstraram cicatrização anular da parede do reto 5,0 a 7,0 cm anterior a junção anoretal e imuno-histoquímica positiva para Salmonella spp. no intestino grosso. Antígeno de Circovírus suíno tipo 2 foi observado no linfonodo mesentérico de quatro suínos e no intestino grosso de três.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pinto F.F., Gerber P.F., Oliveira T.M.L., Borges I.A. & Lobato Z.I.P. 2011. [Serological profile, viremia and PCV2 shedding in naturally infected pigs of herds with or without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.] Perfil sorológico, viremia e eliminação do circovírus suíno tipo 2 em animais naturalmente infectados pertencentes a granjas com ou sem a síndrome da refugagem multissistêmica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):17-22. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: ziplobato@vet.ufmg.br A virological and serological cross-sectional study (E1) and a longitudinal study (E2) were performed on herds with (G2 and G3) and without (G1) post weaning multisystemic syndrome (PMWS) in Brazil. Blood, serum, nasal and rectal swabs samples were collected of sows, farrowing piglets, nursery, growing and finishing pigs. In E1, were sampled 40 animals in each category (G1a and G2). In E2, (G1b and G3), 35 farrowing piglets were identified and sampled along the production cycle. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibodies were assayed. A PCR was used to detected PCV2 genome in blood and swabs. In E1, sows had high rates of viremic and seropositives animals, with percentage of sows with high antibodies titers greater than G2. Passive antibodies decline occurred between nursery and growing area with increased viral shedding in swabs and subsequent seroconversion in G1. In G2, the passive antibodies decay occurred in nursery, with a reduction in viral shedding. In E2, the decline of maternal immunity occurred between the 1st and 2nd collection in G1b, and between 2nd and 3rd collections in G3. In both herds, the decay of passive immunity coincided with increased viremia and viral shedding; and seroconversion occurred between the 3rd and 4th collection in both herds with decline of viremia. Viremia and viral shedding was detected in all samples days, 42% of animals sampled in E2 were viremic and all tissue samples collected at slaughter were positive for PCV2. This study confirms the persistence of viremia even in the presence of high titers of antibodies and the serological profile in a herd with or without PMWS may be different, especially with regard to the passive immunity duration.

• Porcine circovirus type 2 postweaning multisystemic syndrome síndrome de refugagem multissistêmica circovírus suíno tipo 2

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pinto F.F., Gerber P.F., Oliveira T.M.L., Borges I.A. & Lobato Z.I.P. 2011. [Serological profile, viremia and PCV2 shedding in naturally infected pigs of herds with or without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.] Perfil sorológico, viremia e eliminação do circovírus suíno tipo 2 em animais naturalmente infectados pertencentes a granjas com ou sem a síndrome da refugagem multissistêmica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):17-22. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: ziplobato@vet.ufmg.br Um estudo virológico e sorológico seccional (E1) e outro longitudinal (E2) foram realizados em granjas com (G2 e G3) e sem (G1) a síndrome de refugagem multissitêmica (SRM) no Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, soro, swabs nasal e retal de animais de cada categoria do ciclo produtivo: porcas, leitões maternidade, creche, recria e terminação. Em E1, nas granjas G1a e G2, foram amostrados 40 animais de cada categoria. Em E2, nas granjas G1b e G3, 35 leitões na maternidade foram identificados e amostrados ao longo do ciclo produtivo. O soro foi avaliado para presença de anticorpos contra circovírus suíno tipo 2 (CVS2) e sangue e swabs para presença do ácido nucléico viral. Em E1, a categoria porcas possuía altas taxas de animais virêmicos e soropositivos, com porcentagem de porcas com títulos altos superior a G2. Em G1a a queda de imunidade passiva ocorreu entre o final da fase de creche e início da recria com aumento da eliminação viral em swabs e subsequente soroconversão. Em G2 a queda ocorreu entre a fase final da maternidade e início da creche, com diminuição da eliminação viral. Em E2, a queda da imunidade materna ocorreu entre a 1ª e 2ª coleta em G1b; e em G3, entre a 2ª e 3ª coleta. Em ambas as granjas, a queda de imunidade passiva coincidiu com o aumento da viremia e eliminação viral e a soroconversão ocorreu entre a 3ª e 4a coleta em ambas as granjas com aumento da média de título de anticorpos e declínio da viremia. Viremia e eliminação viral foram detectadas em todas as coletas realizadas; 42% dos animais amostrados em E2 foram virêmicos em todas as coletas e todas as amostras de tecido coletadas no abate foram positivas para o CVS2. Este estudo confirma a persistência da viremia mesmo em presença de altos títulos de anticorpos e que o perfil sorológico em um rebanho com e sem a presença da síndrome pode ser diferente, principalmente em relação à duração da imunidade passiva.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Gerber P.F., Pinto F.F., Heinemann M.B. & Lobato Z.I.P. 2010. Detection and dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 in semen using conventional and real time PCR. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(11):918-920. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: ziplobato@vet.ufmg.br The dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) shedding in semen of naturally infected boars was studied. Semen was collected serially each 15 or 20 days during 62 days from 5 boars from a herd and from 11 boars from an artificial insemination center. All boars were positive for PCV2 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction of raw semen in at least two sampling dates, and most of them had detectable shedding in all sampling dates. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed in 23 samples. All samples showed low amounts of PCV2 DNA, ranging from 98 to 652 PCV2 copies/mL. No differences between the frequencies of PCV2 DNA shed in semen were found considering herds and age of boars. PCV2 shedding in the semen can occur continuously or intermittently up to 60 days in naturally infected boars at 12 to 42 months old in absence of PCV2 clinical signs. These results demonstrate sporadic and long-term shedding patterns of low amounts of PCV2 DNA in semen from naturally infected boars.

• Porcine circovirus type 2 circovírus suíno tipo 2

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Gerber P.F., Pinto F.F., Heinemann M.B. & Lobato Z.I.P. 2010. Detection and dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 in semen using conventional and real time PCR. [Deteccão e dinâmica de excreção do circovírus porcino tipo 2 no semen pelo PCR convencional e PCR em tempo real.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(11):918-920. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: ziplobato@vet.ufmg.br

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Pescador C.A., Bandarra P.M., Castro L.A., Antoniassi N.A.B., Ravazollo, A.P., Sonne L. Cruz C.E.F. & Driemeier D. 2007. Co-infection by porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets in southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(10):425-429. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 (PCV1, PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) are widespread in pig populations around the world. Nevertheless, only PCV2 has been associated with different clinical syndromes, thus representing a major problem to the pig industry. The association of cases of swine abortions and stillborns with PCV1 and PCV2 and PPV was studied retrospectively (2005-2007). Additional pathogens were also investigated in lesioned fetuses. The studied litters included stillborn piglets and several mummified fetuses of varied sizes. Ventricular dilatation, myocardial pale areas, and mesocolic edema were the gross lesions. Escherichia coli was detected as co-infecting with PCV2 the cases in which mesocolic edema was seen. Microscopic lesions included non-suppurative myocarditis, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, mineralization foci and intranuclear inclusion bodies in cardiomyocytes, and interstitial mononuclear pneumonia. Samples from 7 (5.78 per cent) of 121 aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets had lesions consistent with a viral cause and showed both positive anti-PCV2 immunostaining as well as PCV2-PCR. In samples from 3 (2.47 per cent) of these 7 fetuses, co-infection with PPV was confirmed by Nested-PCR. Both viruses were detected in fetuses at different stages of gestation. Viral antigens of PCV2 were detected by immunohistochemistry mainly in macrophages and myocytes. PCV1 individually was not detected in any of these affected fetuses, but it was associated with PCV2 and/or PPV in some of them. These findings indicate that PCV2 alone or in association with PPV should be kept in mind when investigating causes of infectious abortion in pigs in Brazil.

• Abortion PCV2 PCV1 PPV stillborn swine Brazil

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Pescador C.A., Bandarra P.M., Castro L.A., Antoniassi N.A.B., Ravazollo, A.P., Sonne L. Cruz C.E.F. & Driemeier D. 2007. Co-infection by porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets in southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(10):425-429. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 (PCV1, PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) are widespread in pig populations around the world. Nevertheless, only PCV2 has been associated with different clinical syndromes, thus representing a major problem to the pig industry. The association of cases of swine abortions and stillborns with PCV1 and PCV2 and PPV was studied retrospectively (2005-2007). Additional pathogens were also investigated in lesioned fetuses. The studied litters included stillborn piglets and several mummified fetuses of varied sizes. Ventricular dilatation, myocardial pale areas, and mesocolic edema were the gross lesions. Escherichia coli was detected as co-infecting with PCV2 the cases in which mesocolic edema was seen. Microscopic lesions included non-suppurative myocarditis, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, mineralization foci and intranuclear inclusion bodies in cardiomyocytes, and interstitial mononuclear pneumonia. Samples from 7 (5.78 per cent) of 121 aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets had lesions consistent with a viral cause and showed both positive anti-PCV2 immunostaining as well as PCV2-PCR. In samples from 3 (2.47 per cent) of these 7 fetuses, co-infection with PPV was confirmed by Nested-PCR. Both viruses were detected in fetuses at different stages of gestation. Viral antigens of PCV2 were detected by immunohistochemistry mainly in macrophages and myocytes. PCV1 individually was not detected in any of these affected fetuses, but it was associated with PCV2 and/or PPV in some of them. These findings indicate that PCV2 alone or in association with PPV should be kept in mind when investigating causes of infectious abortion in pigs in Brazil.

Abstract in English:

França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Cunha B.M. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [Porcine Circovirosis: a review.] Circovirose Suína. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):59-72. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The literature of Porcine Circovirosis, including the main data on epidemiology and clinical, macroscopic and microscopic alterations of the infection of swine by Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), is reviewed. There are various forms of infection: the [Porcine] Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), Porcine Congenital Tremor, Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome, and other associated or correlated diseases as the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Proliferative Necrotizing Pneumonia, and reproductive disorders. As PMWS already has been reported from southern Brazil and from the state of Rio de Janeiro, the objective of this review is to draw attention to the implications of this virosis for swine production in Brazil and its economical importance.

• Porcine Circovirosis Porcine Circovirus type 2 Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome Porcine Congenital Tremor Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome Proliferative Necrotizing Pneumonia reproductive disorders of swine.

Abstract in Portuguese:

França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Cunha B.M. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [Porcine Circovirosis: a review.] Circovirose Suína. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):59-72. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The literature of Porcine Circovirosis, including the main data on epidemiology and clinical, macroscopic and microscopic alterations of the infection of swine by Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), is reviewed. There are various forms of infection: the [Porcine] Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), Porcine Congenital Tremor, Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome, and other associated or correlated diseases as the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Proliferative Necrotizing Pneumonia, and reproductive disorders. As PMWS already has been reported from southern Brazil and from the state of Rio de Janeiro, the objective of this review is to draw attention to the implications of this virosis for swine production in Brazil and its economical importance.

Abstract in English:

França T.N., Peixoto P.V., Brito M.F., Driemeier D., Mores N. & Zanella J. 2005. [Outbreak of Circovirosis (Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] Surto de Circovirose (Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmica de Suínos Desmamados) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):39-53. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The first outbreak of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in swine, which occurred in southeastern Brazil, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, is described. The disease, which affects mainly weaned about 4 month-old pigs, caused the death of at least 14 animals. The property, where the outbreak occurred, had inadequate sanitary and management conditions. Clinically the disease was characterized by wasting, poor development, cough, tachypnoea, dispnoea, diarrhoea, ataxia, tremors after stimulation, decubitus and convulsions. The course of the disease was acute or subacute. The most important post-mortem findings were enlarged lymphnodes, non-collapsed lungs, with consolidated areas mainly in the cranial lobes. Histological lesions consisted mainly of lymphohistiocytic infiltration with multinucleate giant cells in lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches, kidney, lung and liver, depletion or lymphoid hyperplasia, as well as lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia and areas of secondary bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis was established through observations of the symptoms and typical lesions, and was confirmed by immunohistochemical examination and PCR. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of the outbreak of PMWS, because of the severe direct or indirect economical losses caused by the disease to the world pig industry.

• Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome porcine circovirus type 2 pathology immunohistochemistry PCR.

Abstract in Portuguese:

França T.N., Peixoto P.V., Brito M.F., Driemeier D., Mores N. & Zanella J. 2005. [Outbreak of Circovirosis (Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] Surto de Circovirose (Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmica de Suínos Desmamados) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):39-53. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The first outbreak of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in swine, which occurred in southeastern Brazil, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, is described. The disease, which affects mainly weaned about 4 month-old pigs, caused the death of at least 14 animals. The property, where the outbreak occurred, had inadequate sanitary and management conditions. Clinically the disease was characterized by wasting, poor development, cough, tachypnoea, dispnoea, diarrhoea, ataxia, tremors after stimulation, decubitus and convulsions. The course of the disease was acute or subacute. The most important post-mortem findings were enlarged lymphnodes, non-collapsed lungs, with consolidated areas mainly in the cranial lobes. Histological lesions consisted mainly of lymphohistiocytic infiltration with multinucleate giant cells in lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches, kidney, lung and liver, depletion or lymphoid hyperplasia, as well as lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia and areas of secondary bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis was established through observations of the symptoms and typical lesions, and was confirmed by immunohistochemical examination and PCR. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of the outbreak of PMWS, because of the severe direct or indirect economical losses caused by the disease to the world pig industry.